Determination of total polysaccharide content and analysis of monosaccharide components in the caulis polygoni multiflori mixture / 药学实践杂志

Objective To establish a method for analyzing total polysaccharide content and its monosaccharide composition in the caulis polygoni multiflori mixture. Methods The polysaccharides of the caulis polygoni multiflori mixture were extracted by water-extraction and alcohol-precipitation. After the treatment with phenol-sulfuric acid, the content of total polysaccharides in the preparation was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. In addition, after the polysaccharide was hydrolyzed into monosaccharides wtih trifluoroacetic acid, the hyrolysate was derivatized with PMP, and then the PMP derivates of monosaccharides were analyzed by HPLC method. Yilite krosmasil C18(4.6 mm×250 mm, 5 μm) was used at 30 ℃. Acetonitrile-0.1% NaH2PO4 (pH=6.8) (16:84) was the moblie phase with a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min. The detecting wavelength was at 250 nm. The injection volume was 20 μl. Results concentration of D-anhydrous glucose in the range of 21 ~ 105 μg/ml had a good linear relationship with the absorbance. The linear regression equation was A= 0.007x+0.0105, r=0.9982. The average recovery rate was (100.45±1.57)% (n=6). The average contents of total polysaccharides in four batches of samples were 14.24, 21.09, 17.85 and 18.17 mg/ml. The polysaccharide of the caulis polygoni multiflori mixture mainly consisted of D-mannose, D-glucosamine D-hydrochloride, D-Galacturonic acid, D-glucose, galactose, L-arabinose. The monosaccharides peak area ratios were about 9.10:0.26:1.00:3.02:4.14:2.12. Conclusion The method is accurate and reliable, and can be used for the determination of total content of polysaccharides and the analysis of monosaccharide composition in the preparation.

Hygroscopicity Study of Vitamin B12 Chemical Reference Substance / 中国药学杂志

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the hygroscopicity of vitamin B12 and the related problems of its chemical reference substance (CRS) that should be paid attention to. METHODS: UV absorption coefficient was determined at 361 nm, using water as solvent. Dynamic vapor absorption analysis (DVS) was applied to evaluate the moisture sorption trend and capacities of vitamin B12 under different humilities. RESULTS: Owing to the strong hygroscopicity of vitamin B12, deviation in the process of weighing might result in smaller UV absorption coefficient compared with the actual value, especially for dried and low moisture content raw materials in high-humidity environment. CONCLUSION: In the study of drug quality control for vitamin B12, the strong hygroscopicity of the raw material should be paid attention to, particularly in the research and application of vitamin B12 CRS.

Formulation and Efficacy of Liposome-encapsulated Afatinib for Therapy of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#Afatinib, a second-generation irreversible epidermal growth factor inhibitor receptor for the development of non-small cell lung cancer and secondary drug resistance, has low bioavailability and adverse reactions due to current oral administration. The aim of this study was to prepare a novel drug delivery system, afatinib liposome, and to establish a method for the determination of encapsulation efficiency.@*METHODS@#Four different preparation methods were used to prepare afatinib liposomes, and the optimal preparation process was determined by comparing the encapsulation efficiency and particle size.@*RESULTS@#It has been verified that sephadex microcolumn centrifugation can be used to purify afatinib liposomes, and UV spectrophotometry can be employed to determine the entrapment efficiency of liposomes. Among different preparation methods, the encapsulation efficiency of afatinib liposomes prepared by ammonium sulfate gradient method was 90.73% and the average particle size was 108.6 nm.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Ammonium sulfate gradient method can be successfully applied to prepare afatinib liposomes that performed higher encapsulation efficiency and smaller particle size. The UV spectrophotometry employed to determine the liposome encapsulation efficiency was easy operation and with high accuracy.

Determination of five marker components and total flavonoids in Paishi Granules / 中成药

AIM To determine the contents of five marker components and total flavonoids in Paishi Granules (a medication to remove stones in the body,containing Glechomae Herba,Akebiae Caulis,Cynanchi Paniculati Radix et Rhizoma,etc.).METHODS The content determination of various components in 50％ methanol extract of Paishi Granules was accomplished by RP-HPLC.The analysis was performed on a 30 ℃ thermostatic Aglient SBC1s column (250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-0.05％ phosphoric acid flowing at 1.0 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 240 nm.The content of total flavonoids was detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometry.RESULTS Chlorogenic acid,loganin,rutin,rosmarinic acid and ammoninm glycyrrhizinate showed good linear relationships within the ranges of 18.88-604.00,18.50-592.00,20.25-648.00,18.75-600.00 and 18.81-602.00 μg/mL,whose average recoveries were 97.9％,100.7％,103.3％,96.4％ and 102.4％ with theRSDsof1.4％,0.4％,2.7％,1.2％ and 2.3％,respectively.The contents of total flavonoids in twenty batches of samples all met pharmacopeia requirements,while those of marker components were found to be different,among which loganin displayed the most significant change,followed by rutin and ammoninm glycyrrhizinate.CONCLUSION This simple,accurate and reliable method can be used for the quality control of Paishi Granules.

Development and validation of alternative methods by non-aqueous acid-base titration and derivative ultraviolet spectrophotometry for quantification of sildenafil in raw material and tablets

Sildenafil citrate (SILC) is a potent phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor used for erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. This study shows two simple, fast and alternative analytical methods for SILC determination by non-aqueous titration and by derivative ultraviolet spectrophotometry (DUS) in active pharmaceutical ingredient and/or dosage forms. The quantitation method of SILC active pharmaceutical ingredient by non-aqueous acid-base titration was developed using methanol as solvent and 0.1 mol/L of perchloric acid in acetic acid as titrant. The endpoint was potentiometrically detected. The non-aqueous titration method shows satisfactory repeatability and intermediate precision (RSD 0.70-1.09%). The neutralization reaction occurred in the stoichiometric ratio 1:1 in methanol. The determination of SILC active pharmaceutical ingredient or dosage forms by DUS was developed in the linear range from 10 to 40 µg/mL, in 0.01 mol/L HCl, using the first order zero-peak method at λ 256 nm. The DUS method shows selectivity toward tablets excipients, appropriate linearity (R2 0.9996), trueness (recovery range 98.86-99.30%), repeatability and intermediate precision in three concentration levels (RSD 1.17-1.28%; 1.29-1.71%, respectively). Therefore, the methods developed are excellent alternatives to sophisticated instrumental methods and can be easily applied in any pharmaceutical laboratory routine due to simple and fast executions.

Intestinal absorption characteristics of demethoxycurcumin hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin in rats / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To study the intestinal absorption characteristics of demethoxycurcumin hydroxypropyl/β cyclodcxtrin (DECD) and demethoxycurcumin (DE) in rats. Methods DECD was prepared by cyclodcxtrin inclusion technique and characterized by spectroscopic method. The morphology of DECD was observed by microphotograph and zeta potential was examined by Malvern laser particle sizer. In vivo single-pass intestinal perfusion rat model was adopted; the absorption rate constant (Ka), effective permeability (Papp) and percent absorption of DECD and DE were determined using the ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Results DECD was successfully prepared, with a solubility of 2. 30 g/L, which was 38. 33 times that of DE. Zeta potential of DECD was —32. 2 mV. The results of intestinal absorption experiment showed that the Ka and Papp values of DECD decreased in order in the ileum, duodenum, jejunum, and colon. In addition, the Ka, Papp values and percent absorption of DECD were higher than that of DE. Conclusion DECD can markedly improve the intestinal absorption of DE in rats.

Estudio de biodisponibilidad de metformina 850 mg tabletas de liberación inmediata / Bioavalability study of Metformin 850 mg immediate-release tablets

Se desarrolló un estudio de biodisponibilidad de metformina 850 mg tabletas recubiertas de liberación inmediata elaboradas por Laboratorios Coaspharma S.A., en 12 voluntarios sanos de ambos sexos, con edades entre 18 y 26 años. Para llevarlo a cabo se validó previamente un método bioanalítico para la determinación de metformina en plasma humano por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución con detector ultravioleta (HPLC-UV), el cual resultó ser selectivo, específico, lineal, exacto y preciso, por lo tanto adecuado para el análisis de las muestras. Estas fueron recolectadas periódicamente en un lapso desde 0 a 24 horas, luego de la administración por vía oral de una única dosis de metformina 850 mg. Posteriormente se determinaron los parámetros farmacocinéticos promedio de los 12 participantes, obteniendo: área bajo la curva, desde tiempo cero hasta el último tiempo de muestreo t (AUC0--->t) 6856,89 ± 2073,8 ng.h/ml, área bajo la curva desde tiempo cero hasta tiempo infinito (AUC0--->∞) 7083,74 ± 2131,52 ng.h/ml, concentración máxima (Cmaxmax) 1299,02 ± 291,90 ng/ml, tiempo máximo (t) 2,33 ± 0,47 h, tiempo de vida media (t1/2) 2,50 ± 0,84 h y constante aparente de eliminación (Ke) de 0,31 ± 0,12 h-1. Los resultados fueron similares en todos los participantes y no se produjeron reacciones adversas.

A bioavailability study was conducted in 12 healthy volunteers of both genders, aged between 18 and 26. Previous to the study, a bioanalytical method for determination of metformin in human plasma by high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector (HPLCUV) was validated, and proved to be selective, specific, linear, accurate precise, and therefore, suitable for analysis in plasma. Samples were collected from 0 to 24 hours after the oral administration of a single dose of metformin 850 mg immediate-release coated tablets, produced by Coaspharma S.A. Laboratories. Then, average pharmacokinetic parameters of the twelve volunteers were determined: area under the curve from time zero to last sampling time t (AUC0--->t) 6856.89 ± 2073.8 ng.h/mL, area under the curve from time zero to infinite time (AUC0--->∞) 7083.74 ± 2131.52 ng.h/ml, maximum concentration (Cmax) 1299.02 ± 291.90 ng/mL, maximum time (t max) 2.33 ± 0.47 h, half-life (t1/2) 2.50 ± 0.84 h and apparent elimination constant (Ke) of 0.31 ± 0.12 h-1. These results are similar between the volunteers and no adverse effect was observed. Also, the results are in agree with those reported in literature.

Ultraviolet spectrophotometric method for analytical determination of mianserin hydrochloride in coated tablets and comparison with LC

abstract Ultraviolet spectrophotometric (UV) and Liquid Chromatographic (LC) methods for the determination of mianserin hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulation were developed and validated. The various parameters, such as specificity, linearity, precision and accuracy were studied according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH, 2005). For UV method, mianserin hydrochloride was determinate at 278 nm using HCl 0.1 M as the solvent. The response was linear in the concentration range of 20.0 - 140.0 µg/mL (r = 0.9998). Precision data evaluated by relative standard deviation was lower than 2%. The UV method was simple, rapid and low cost. Chromatographic analyses were performed in an Ace C18 column and the mobile phase was composed of methanol, 50 mM monobasic potassium phosphate buffer and 0.3% triethylamine solution adjusted to pH 7.0 with phosphoric acid 10% (85:15). LC method was specific, linear, precise, exact and robust. The results confirmed that the both methods are valid and useful to the routine quality control of mianserin hydrochloride in coated tablets. Statistical analysis by Student´s t-test showed no significant difference between the results obtained by UV and LC methods.

resumo Os métodos por espectrofotometria na região do ultravioleta (UV) e por cromatografia líquida (CL) para determinação do cloridrato de mianserina na forma farmacêutica foram desenvolvidos e validados. Os vários parâmetros, como especificidade, linearidade, precisão e exatidão foram avaliados de acordo com o International Conference on Harmonization (ICH, 2005). Para o método de UV, o cloridrato de mianserina foi determinado utilizando o comprimento de onda de 278 nm e HCl 0,1 M como solvente. A resposta foi linear na faixa de concentração de 20,0 a 140,0 µg/Ml (r = 0,9998). A precisão foi avaliada pelo valor de desvio padrão relativo (DPR) inferior a 2%. O método por UV é simples, rápido e de baixo custo. As análises cromatográficas foram realizadas em uma coluna Ace C18 e a fase móvel foi composta por metanol, tampão fosfato de potássio monobásico 50 mM com 0,3% de trietilamina com o pH ajustado para 7,0 com ácido fosfórico 10% (85:15). O método de CL foi específico, linear, preciso, exato e robusto. Os resultados confirmam que ambos os métodos são válidos e úteis para o controle de qualidade do cloridrato de mianserina em comprimidos revestidos. A análise estatística por teste t de Student não mostrou diferença significativa entre os resultados obtidos para os métodos de UV e CL.

Dissolution Determination Method for Nisoldipine Tablets / 中国药师

Objective:To establish a dissolution determination method for nisoldipine tablets. Methods: The detection was car-ried out according to the second method described in ChP VolumeⅡappendix XC. The medium was 600 ml hydrochloric acid solution (0. 1 mol·L-1 ) containing 0. 05% SDS, the rotation speed was 75 r·min-1 , and the UV detection wavelength was at 238nm. Re-sults:The linear range of nisoldipine was 4-14 μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 9),and the average recovery was 100. 5%(RSD=1. 1%, n=9). Conclusion:The method is simple, accurate and reliable, and can be used in the dissolution determination of nisoldipine tablets.

Content Comparison of Total Flavonoids in Cyperus Rotundus from Different Habitats / 中国药师

Objective:To establish the determination method for total flavonoids in Cyperus rotundus and investigate the total fla-vonoids content in Cyperus rotundus from different habitats. Methods:Total flavonoids in Cyperus rotundus from different habitats were detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometry with rutin as the standard substance. Results:The absorbance of rutin had a good linear cor-relation with the concentration within the range of 0.064 3-0.642 6 mg·ml-1(r =0.999 1). The average recovery was 99.74%(RSD=2. 16%,n=6). The order of total flavonoids content in Cyperus rotundus from different habitats was Henan province >Sichuan province> Guangdong province >Anhui province > Halnan province >Shandong province. Conclusion:The method is easy and ac-curate, which can be applied in the quality control of Cyperus rotundus. The total flavonoids content in Cyperus rotundus from Henan province is the highest.

Validación del método para control de calidad de dicloxacilina sódica en dicloxen cápsulas / Validation of the quality control method for sodium dicloxacillin in Dicloxen capsules

Introducción: la dicloxacilina sódica es un derivado semisintético perteneciente al grupo de las isoxasocil penicilinas que se presenta en suspensión oral y cápsulas. Para el análisis de la materia prima y de estas formas terminadas se recomienda el uso de cromatografía líquida de alta resolución (CLAR), método que no se encuentra disponible en el laboratorio productor de dicloxen cápsulas para el análisis de rutina de este medicamento. Objetivo: desarrollar y validar un método por espectrofotomería UV útil para el control de calidad de dicloxacilina sódica en dicloxen cápsulas. Métodos: se desarrolló un método por espectrofotometría UV directa basado en la determinación de una solución acuosa del analito a 274 nm; el cual fue una modificación del método de identificación establecido en la Farmacopea japonesa, 2011, para la materia prima. Por tratarse de un método modificado se realizó su validación a través de los parámetros linealidad, precisión, exactitud y especificidad frente a los componentes de la formulación dicloxen cápsulas. Resultados: la concentración prefijada en el procedimiento propuesto como 100 por ciento fue de 0,3 mg/mL de analito, lo cual está en correspondencia con la adecuada respuesta medida. En el espectro UV del dicloxacina sódica se observaron dos máximos de absorción, a la lmáxima= 274 nm y a 283 nm. Se seleccionó el valor de l= 274 nm para la cuantificación. Se estableció una metodología analítica muy sencilla que permitiera obtener una solución transparente a partir de la forma terminada, de igual concentración a la solución de referencia. El cumplimiento satisfactorio de todos los criterios de aceptación establecidos para los parámetros especificidad, linealidad, exactitud y precisión permitió demostrar la validez del método en estudio para el control de calidad de dicloxacina sódica en dicloxen cápsulas en el rango de 80 a 120 por ciento. Conclusiones : el método por espectrofotometría UV resulta específico, lineal, exacto y preciso para su aplicación al control de calidad de dicloxacilina sódica en dicloxen cápsulas(AU)

Introduction: sodium dicloxacillin is a semi synthetic derivative of the isoxasocyl penicillin group that may appear in oral suspension form and in caplets. For the analysis of the raw materials and the finished products, it is recommended to use high performance liquid chromatograpy that is an unavailable method at the dicloxen capsule manufacturing lab for the routine analysis of the drug. Objective: to develop and to validate a useful ultraviolet spectrophotometry method for the quality control of sodium dicloxacillin in Dicloxen capsules. Methods: a direct ultraviolet spectrophotometry was developed on the basis of determination of aqueous solution of the analyte at 274 nm distance; the latter was a change from the original detection method set by the Japanese pharmacopeia, 2011 for the raw materials. Since this was a modified method, it had to be validated through parameters such as linearity, precision, accuracy and specificity versus the components of Dicloxen capsule formulation. Results: the preset 100 percent concentration in the suggested procedure was 0.3 mg/mL of analyte, which is in line with the adequate response measured in this test. The ultraviolet spectrum of sodium dicloxacillin showed two maximum absorption values, lmaximun= 274 nm and 283 nm. The choice was l= 274 nm for quantitation. The set analytical methodology was very simple and allowed obtaining a transparent solution from the finished form, which had a concentration value similar to that of the reference solution. The compliance with all the set acceptance criteria for specificity, linearity, accuracy and precision allowed demonstrating the validity of the method under study for the quality control of sodium dicloxacillin in Dicloxen capsules in the 80-120 percent range Conclusions: the ultraviolet spectrophotometry method proved to be specific, linear, accurate and precise for the quality control of sodium dicloxacillin in Dicloxen capsules(AU)

Validación del método por espectrofotometría ultravioleta para control de calidad de clorhidrato de ciprofloxacina en tabletas Ciprecu / Validation of the ultraviolet spectrophotometry method for the quality control of ciprofloxacin chlorhydrate in Ciprecu tablets

INTRODUCCCIÓN: las quinolonas son un grupo de agentes antimicrobianos de gran importancia en la clínica. El clorhidrato de ciprofloxacina monohidrato es una fluoroquinolona antibacterial de segunda generación que se indica en el tratamiento de diversas infecciones y se comercializa en forma de colirio, inyectable, cápsulas y tabletas. OBJETIVO: desarrollar y validar un método analítico por espectrofotometría ultravioleta, con vistas a su aplicación al control de calidad del clorhidrato de ciprofloxacina en tabletas Ciprecu recién elaboradas. MÉTODOS: se desarrolló el método en el laboratorio y se realizó una validación exhaustiva atendiendo a los parámetros de la categoría I. El método se seleccionó teniendo en cuenta la presencia de grupos cromóforos en la estructura del compuesto analizado. Se determinó la longitud de onda de máxima absorción a 273 nm de 5 µg/mL en ácido clorhídrico 0,1 mol/L. RESULTADOS: a partir del proceso de validación realizado, se demostró la adecuada especificidad frente a los componentes de la matriz en estudio, así como su linealidad, exactitud y precisión en el rango de 2,5 a 7,5 µg/mL. Los resultados de la aplicación de este método fueron similares a los obtenidos por el método oficial propuesto con iguales propósitos en USP 33, 2010. CONCLUSIONES: el método fue válido con el objetivo propuesto, lo cual constituye una nueva alternativa simple, rápida y económica para el control de calidad de clorhidrato de ciprofloxacina en tabletas Ciprecu(AU)

INTRODUCTION: quinolones are a group of antimicrobials of high clinical significance. Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate is a second-generation antibacterial fluoroquinolone for treatment of several infections and is marketed as eye drops, injections, capsule and tablets. OBJECTIVE: to develop and to validate an ultraviolet spectrophotometric analytical method to be used in the quality control of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride monohydrate in newly manufactured Ciprecu tablets. METHODS: this method was devised at the laboratory and thoroughly validated pursuant to the category I parameters. The method was selected on account of the existence of chromophore groups in the structure of the analyzed compound. The maximum absorption wavelength was set at 273 nm of 5 µg/mL in 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid. RESULTS: based on the validation process, it was demonstrated that this method has adequate specificity against the study matrix components, as well as its linearity, accuracy and precision in the range of 2.5 to 7.5 µg/mL. The results of the application of this method were similar to those of the official procedure suggested for the same purposes in USP 33, 2010. CONCLUSIONS: The analytical method was valid for the suggested purposes, so it is a new simple, rapid and economic alternative for the quality control of Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in Ciprecu tablets(AU)

Development and validation of the discriminating method of prasugrel dissolution in tablets using ultraviolet detection / Desenvolvimento e validação de método discriminativo de dissolução em comprimidos de Prasugrel utilizando detecção ultravioleta

Current study develops and validates a dissolution test for Prasugrel hydrochloride 10 mg in coated tablets. After sink condition, filters and drug stability were evaluated, the discriminatory dissolution conditions were achieved with a USP apparatus 1 (basket) at 50 rpm stirring speed and 900 mL of 0.01 M HCl as dissolution medium. The UV spectrometric method at 220 nm was performed and validated for the determination of Prasugrel. The parameters specificity, linearity, accuracy, precision and robustness were evaluated according to international protocols. UV method and dissolution test proposed in current analysis may be applied for quality control of coated tablets containing Prasugrel since there is no official monograph for this drug.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi desenvolver e validar um teste de dissolução para cloridrato de Prasugrel 10 mg presente em comprimidos revestidos. Após avaliação da condição sink, filtros e estabilidade da droga, condições discriminatórias foram alcançadas utilizando equipamento USP 1 (cesta) em velocidade de 50 rpm e meio de dissolução composto por HCL 0,01 M . Foi desenvolvido e validado método de espectrofotometria na região do ultravioleta (UV) a 220 nm para a determinação de Prasugrel. Foram avaliados os parâmetros como especificidade, linearidade, exatidão, precisão e robustez de acordo com os guias internacionais. O método UV e o teste de dissolução propostos neste estudo podem ser aplicados para o controle de qualidade de comprimidos revestidos contendo Prasugrel, uma vez que não há monografia oficial para este fármaco.

Determination of Total Saponins in Jiu-Bi-Ying Yi-Xin Tablet with Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry / 世界科学技术-中医药现代化

This study was aimed to establish the determination method of total saponins content in Jiu-Bi-Y ing Y i-Xin (JBYYX) tablet. The content of total saponins in JBYYX tablet was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The results showed that in the range of 2.16í10-5-6.47í10-5 mg·mL-1, the total saponins had good linear relation-ship. The average recycle rate was 98.81%. RSD was 2.06%(n=6). It was concluded that the method was accurate, reliable and repeatable, which was suitable for determining the content of total saponins in JBYYX tablet.

Establishment and application of determination of glyphosate poisoning method by UV spectrophotometry / 国际检验医学杂志

Objective To establish a qualitative and quantitative determination of glyphosate in serum using ultraviolet spectro-photometry(UV) to provide basis for clinical diagnosing and treating glyphosate poisoning .Methods The mixture of 0 .5 mL serum and 0 .2 mL 10% methanol solution of perchloric acid was shocked and centrifuged with 10 000 r/min for 5 min .A nitrosyla-tion reaction conducted on supernatant and 50 μL serum nitrosylation liquid was detected by UV scanning .Results The results of serum theophylline absorption maxima was(243 ± l) nm and the concentration of 10 .0-60 .0 μg/mL range linear regression equa-tion was Y=0 .0173 8X+0 .036 3(r= 0 .999 8) .The recovery rate was from 85 .5% to 102 .4% and the relative standard deviation (RSD) was from 3 .50% to 4 .90% .The intra-day and inter-day RSD were 3 .79% -5 .10% and 3 .88% -4 .55% .The minimum de-tectable concentration was 5μg/mL .Conclusion This method is simple ,rapid and accurate results for detecting glyphosate poison-ing .

Simultaneous UV-Spectrophotometric estimation of Diclofenac and Tolperisone Hydrochloride in Tablet Dosage Form.

Diclofenac sodium is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) taken to reduce inflammation and as an analgesic reducing pain in certain conditions. Tolperisone hydrochloride is a piperidine derivative, is a centrally-acting muscle relaxant. Two simple, accurate and economic methods; Q analysis and first order derivative method have been described for the simultaneous spectrophotometric estimation of Diclofenac sodium and Tolperisone hydrochloride in tablet dosage form. Absorption maxima of Diclofenac sodium and Tolperisone hydrochloride in distilled water were found to be 275.0 nm and 260.0 nm respectively. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range 5-50 μg/ml for Diclofenac and 5-60 μg/ml for Tolperisone hydrochloride. In Q analysis method, absorbances were measured at the selected wavelengths, 237.0 nm (isoabsorptive point) and 260.0 nm (λmax of Tolperisone). In first order derivative method, zero crossing point of Diclofenac sodium and Tolperisone hydrochloride were selected at 275.0 nm and 260.0 nm respectively. The analysis of binary pharmaceutical formulation was carried by both methods. Results of two methods were validated statistically by recovery studies and were found to be satisfactory.

Simultaneous spectrophotometric estimation of esomeprazole and naproxen in bulk and tablet dosage form.

Esomeprzole and naproxen are available in tablet dosage form in the ratio 1:25. Two simple, accurate, precise and economic methods; simultaneous equation method and multicomponent method have been described for the simultaneous estimation of esomeprzole and naproxen in tablet dosage form. Absorption maxima of esomeprzole and naproxen in distilled water were found to be 301.0 nm and 262.0 nm respectively. Beer’s law was obeyed in the concentration range 5-50 μg/ml for esomeprzole and 5-50 μg/ml for naproxen. The methods allow rapid analysis of binary pharmaceutical formulation with accuracy. Results of two methods were validated statistically and by recovery studies and were found to be satisfactory.

Validación de métodos analíticos para el control de calidad de naproxeno supositorios / Validation of analytical methods for the quality control of Naproxen suppositories

En el presente trabajo se desarrollaron por primera vez, los métodos de análisis que serán utilizados para el control de calidad de las futuras formulaciones de supositorios de naproxeno, para uso infantil y adulto de producción nacional. Se propuso un método por espectrofotometría ultravioleta directa, el cual resultó específico, lineal, exacto y preciso para su aplicación en el control de calidad del naproxeno en supositorios, teniendo en cuenta la presencia de grupos cromóforos en su estructura. Se modificó el método por volumetría ácido-base semiacuosa directa reportado para control de calidad de la materia prima de naproxeno y se adaptó al control de calidad en los supositorios. A partir del proceso de validación realizado, se demostró la adecuada especificidad frente a los componentes de la formulación, así como su linealidad, exactitud y precisión en el rango de 1 a 3 mg/mL. Se compararon los resultados obtenidos por ambos métodos sin detectar diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las réplicas analizadas por cada dosis, por lo que cualquiera de ellos pueden aplicarse al control de calidad de los supositorios

The analysis methods that will be used for the quality control of the future Cuban-made Naproxen suppositories for adults and children were developed for the first time in this paper. One method based on direct ultraviolet spectrophotometry was put forward, which proved to be specific, linear, accurate and precise for the quality control of Naproxen suppositories, taking into account the presence of chromophore groups in their structure. Likewise, the direct semi-aqueous acid-base volumetry method aimed at the quality control of the Naproxen raw material was changed and adapted to the quality control of suppositories. On the basis of the validation process, there was demonstrated the adequate specificity of this method with respect to the formulation components, as well as its linearity, accuracy and precision in 1-3 mg/ml range. The final results were compared and no significant statistical differences among the replicas per each dose were found in both methods; therefore, both may be used in the quality control of Naproxen suppositories

Validação de método analítico espectrofotométrico UV para determinação de ácido úsnico em lipossomas / Validation of a UV-spectrophotometric analytical method for the determination of usnic acid in liposomes

O ácido úsnico (AU) é um composto de origem liquênica e tem demonstrado importantes atividades biológicas, tais como: antitumoral, antimicrobiano, antiviral, antiproliferativo e antiinflamatório. Os lipossomas são vesículas lipídicas contendo espaço aquoso interno e têm sido utilizados como carreadores coloidais de fármacos, principalmente na terapêutica de câncer e infecções bacterianas e fúngicas. O objetivo desse trabalho foidesenvolver e validar um método espectrofotométrico UV para determinação de ácido úsnico em lipossomas. Os parâmetros de validação linearidade, precisão, exatidão, robustez, limites de detecção e quantificação foram determinados segundo diretrizes internacionais de padronização e Farmacopéia Americana. A faixa de linearidade foi de 3 a 15 μg.mL-1, a equação de regressão:absorbância = 0,070 x [AU] (μg.mL-1) + 0,013 e r = 0,9997. A repetibilidade (coeficiente de variação) do método foi 1,96% e a precisão intermediária indicou que a diferença entre as médiasfoi estatisticamente insignificante (P < 0,05). A exatidão revelou média percentual de recuperação de 100,4%. O método foi robusto apesar da variação de temperatura e solventes. Os limites de detecção e quantificação do ácido úsnico foram de 0,34 e 1,13 μg.mL-1, respectivamente. O doseamento do ácido úsnico nos lipossomas foi de 96,8% (± 0,2). O método proposto é exato, preciso e reprodutível sendo capaz de quantificar o ácido úsnicoem matéria-prima e em preparações farmacêuticas.

The secondary lichen metabolite usnic acid [2,6-diacetyl- 7,9-dihydroxy-8,9b-dimethyl-1,3(2H,9bH)-dibenzofuran]has demonstrated pharmacological potential activities such as antitumor, antimicrobial, antiviral, antiproliferative, and anti-inflammatory. Liposomes arevesicles composed of phospholipid bilayers surrounding aqueous compartments and they have been used as colloidal drug carriers. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a quantitative UV spectrophotometric method for determination of usnicacid in liposomal formulations. The validation parameters were assessed according to The International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) and American Pharmacopoeia guidelines. The linearity range was of 3-15 μg.mL-1,regression equation: absorbance = 0.070 x UA concentration (μg.mL-1) + 0.013, and r = 0.9997. The repeatability (relative standard deviation) of the method was 1.96% and intermediate precision indicated that the difference among mean was statistically insignificant (P < 0.05). The accuracy revealed a mean percentage recovery of 100.4% of usnic acid. The method was robust for the variation of temperature and solvent. The detection and quantization limits were found to be 0.34 and 1.13 μg.mL-1, respectively. The content of usnic acid in liposomes was of 96.8% (± 0.2). The proposed method is accurate, precise and reproducible for estimation of usnic acid as raw material and in pharmaceutical dosage forms such as liposomes.

Perfil de fármacos por espectrofotometria no ultravioleta / Drugs profile by using ultraviolet spectrophotometry

Intoxicações por medicamentos alcançam o primeiro lugar entre os agentes tóxicos envolvidos em atendimento médico em serviços de urgência e emergência no Brasil, sendo muitos dos casos relacionados às tentativas de suicídio ou envolvendo crianças e idosos que se expuseram a doses acima da terapêutica, resultando em concentrações tóxicas na corrente sangüínea. O diagnóstico pode ser realizado com o auxílio de exames complementares e análises específicas para determinação do agente tóxico. A triagem de fármacos é a mais freqüente dos testes toxicológicos solicitados, sendo o objetivo deste trabalho, analisar a utilização da espectrofotometria de varredura na faixa ultravioleta para identificação de fármacos. Foram analisados os espectros de absorção ultravioleta de 40fármacos de diferentes classes químicas. Os fármacos foram submetidos à varredura na faixa do ultravioleta e identificados os comprimentos de onda nos quais apresentavam picos de absorbância máxima. O procedimento utilizado explora a baixa seletividade doultravioleta, permitindo identificar grupos de medicamentos da mesma classe, que frequentemente apresentam o mesmo padrão de absorção, e que podem estar presentes no material biológico de forma rápida e simples, diminuindo o tempo de resposta do laboratório à solicitação médica.

Drug intoxications ranked first among toxic agents involved in medical toxicological emergency interviewed in Brazil general hospitals. The main circumstances were suicidal attempts and accidental ingestion by child and old-aged using medicines above therapeutically level, thus resulting in toxic blood levels. The diagnosis can be carried through with the help of complementary examination and specific analysis for the toxic agent determination. The inquiry of drugs is the most frequent of the toxicological tests, being the objective of this work, to analyze the use of the ultraviolet spectrophotometry band for the research of drugs. There where standardized 40 available drugs, prepared in methanol and carried through the ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The drugs had been identified through wavelengths in which the drugs showed maximum absorbance peaks. The used procedure exploited the relatively low selectivity of UV, allows identifying groups of drugs closely resemble of their parent compound that can be present in urine in a fast and simple way, thus, diminishing the laboratory time of reply to the medical request.